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近代资产阶级革命的《圣经》，媲美亚里士多德的《政治学》。
《政府论》是洛克最重要的政治论文。在《政府论》（下）中洛克则试图替光荣革命辩护(但根据拉斯莱特的考证，政府论发表之时，光荣革命尚未发生，因此这部著作是在呼唤一场革命而不是为已经发生的革命辩护)，提出了一套正当政府的理论，并且主张当政府违反这个理论时，人们就有权推翻其政权。洛克还巧妙的暗示读者当时英国的詹姆斯二世已经违反了这个理论。
The Second Treatise outlines a theory of civil society. John Locke begins by describing the state of nature, a picture much more stable than Thomas Hobbes' state of "war of every man against every man," and argues that all men are created equal in the state of nature by God. From this, he goes on to explain the hypothetical rise of property and civilization, in the process explaining that the only legitimate governments are those that have the consent of the people. Therefore, any government that rules without the consent of the people can, in theory, be overthrown.
- 第一章 论政治权力
- 第二章 论自然状态
- 第三章 论战争状态
- 第四章 论奴役
- 第五章 论财产
- 第六章 论父权
- 第七章 论政治社会或公民社会
- 第八章 论政治社会的发轫
- 第九章 论政治社会和政府的目的
- 第十章 论国家的形式
- 第十一章 论立法权的范围
- 第十二章 论国家的立法权、执行权和对外权
- 第十三章 论国家权力的统属
- 第十四章 论特权
- 第十五章 综论父权、政治权力和专制权力
- 第十六章 论征服
- 第十七章 论篡夺
- 第十八章 论暴政
- 第十九章 论政府的解体
- Chapter I Of Political Power
- Chapter II Of the State of Nature
- Chapter III Of the State of War
- Chapter IV Of Slavery
- Chapter V Of Property
- Chapter VI Of Paternal Power
- Chapter VII Of Political or Civil Society
- Chapter VIII Of the Beginning of Political Societies
- Chapter IX Of the Ends of Political Society and Government
- Chapter X Of the Forms of a Commonwealth
- Chapter XI Of the Extent of the Legislative Power
- Chapter XII Of the Legislative, Executive, and Federative Power of the Commonwealth
- Chapter XIII Of the Subordination of the Powers of the Commonwealth
- Chapter XIV Of Prerogative
- Chapter XV Of Paternal, Political and Despotical Power, Considered Together
- Chapter XVI Of Conquest
- Chapter XVII Of Usurpation
- Chapter XVIII Of Tyranny
- Chapter XIX Of the Dissolution of Government
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“by the delegation of the society, the declaring of the public...” 全部笔记（1） 去书内
Conclusion: “Schools and Society” is a seminal work that has shaped the way we think about education and its role in society. Dewey’s insights into the importance of a democratic education and the need for a student-centered approach to learning remain relevant and influential in the field of education. Dewey’s work serves as a powerful reminder that education is not just about transmitting knowledge but about preparing individuals to be active and responsible members of society. While his ideas may be idealistic and challenging to implement in practice, “Schools and Society” remains an essential read for educators, scholars, and anyone interested in the role of education in shaping a better world.
2024-06-30 喜欢(1) 回复(0)
“any part of mankind. From whence it is plain that he that...” 全部笔记（1） 去书内
Dewey’s work serves as a powerful reminder that education is not just about transmitting knowledge but about preparing individuals to be active and responsible members of society. While his ideas may be idealistic and challenging to implement in practice, “Schools and Society” remains an essential read for educators, scholars, and anyone interested in the role of education in shaping a better world.
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“and is supposed, from the advantage of education, employments...” 全部笔记（1） 去书内
Dewey criticizes the traditional educational system, which he believes perpetuates social inequalities and fails to prepare students for active participation in a democratic society. He advocates for a new approach to education that is student-centered,experience-based, and focused on problem-solving. This new approach, known as progressivism, places importance on hands-on learning, critical thinking, and the development of social skills. Critique: While Dewey’s ideas have had a lasting impact on education, some readers may find his theories idealistic and challenging to implement in practice. His call for a student-centered education, for example, may require significant changes to existing educational structures and practices. Additionally, Dewey’s focus on the individual’s role in society could be seen as prioritizing personal development over the transmission of essential knowledge and skills.
2024-06-30 喜欢(0) 回复(0)
“and continue the legislative in themselves or erect a new...” 全部笔记（1） 去书内
Introduction: “Schools and Society” is a pivotal work in the field of education, written by John Dewey, one of the most influential American educators and philosophers of the 20th century. This book, originally published in 1916, explores the role of schools in modern society and the relationship between education and social change. Dewey’s insights into the purpose of education and its potential to shape a better society remain as relevant today as they were a century ago. Summary: In “Schools and Society,” Dewey examines the function of education within the broader context of society. He argues that education is not just a means of transmitting knowledge but a process of socialization and individual development. Dewey emphasizes the importance of a democratic education that values the input and experiences of all members of society.
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