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During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, those in power were keen to cast large-size bronzeware as state ritual objects or symbols of their power. The king of a state would bestow bronzeware on his officials to show his authority, while the latter would receive such articles as an honor. The Great Ding for Yu illustrates this power relationship. Its interior is inscribed with 291 characters, unusually numerous for similar bronze objects of the period. They were instructions by King Kang to General Yu, warning him against drinking. The general was about to launch an expedition, and the king was reminding him of the fall of the Shang Dynasty, which had been replaced by Western Zhou.