鲁滨孙漂流记书评
Robinson Crusoe is the masterpiece of the famous English writer Defoe. The novel was reprinted four times in a few months after its release, and was so popular that by the end of the 19th century hundreds of different editions, translations and imitations had been produced, occupying an important place in the history of British and world literature.
The main character is based on a sailor who was marooned on a deserted island for his fault. 1704 Scottish sailor Selkirk had a quarrel with his captain at sea and was abandoned by him on a deserted island. Selkirk did not do anything heroic on the deserted island that deserves to be celebrated. However, the Robinson portrayed by Defoe became a heroic figure in the minds of the small and medium-sized bourgeoisie at that time, and was the first idealized image of the emerging bourgeoisie in Western literature.
The novel tells the story of Robinson, a young Englishman who is restless with the stable and mediocre life of the middle class and goes to sea three times to do business. Because of the pirates were captured by the Moors, after a few years as a slave fled to Brazil and became a plantation owner. In order to solve the problem of labor shortage, the slave trade in Africa on the way to a storm drifted to an uninhabited deserted island. The novel focuses on his life on the island for 28 years. He overcame his pessimism, built a shelter, made utensils, tamed wild animals, cultivated the land, and used various methods to find food. Finally, he overcomes nature and improves his living environment. In the seventeenth year, he saved a native, who was trained to become his faithful slave. Later, he acquired new inhabitants and became the ruler of the island. Finally, he returns home on an English merchant ship. The work celebrates the spirit of adventure and enterprise during the primitive accumulation of capitalism, glorifying the struggle between man and nature while at the same time strongly glorifying colonial plunder. In this situation of extreme isolation and the need to fight with nature, he must try to keep himself sane. He rescued a local native from cannibalism on the island, and when he was confronted with a person of a different race, religion and culture than his own, his first reaction was to gain the upper hand. So he named the native Friday and told him to address himself as "master". Friday was brought back to his original tribe by his people as a sacrificial offering. With this period of time together, Robinson changed himself because of this native. Unfortunately, Friday was finally shot by a slave trader, and Robinson returned home after two years of wandering with the nostalgia of this friendship and a new self. And back to the world.
In addition to the wonderful and bizarre story, the most attractive part of the novel is the characterization of Robinson. Like the author Defoe, he is a never-tired, never-resting man of action, a typical product of the society in the period of the primitive accumulation of capitalism, which was constantly expanding and seizing. He dared to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Even if he was stranded on a deserted island, he was never discouraged. After he encountered the beach and landed on the deserted island, he did not sit back and sigh at the bad fate, but made full use of his own mind and hands to build shelters, grow food, domesticate livestock, make utensils, sew clothes, and transform the deserted island into a well-organized and thriving home. He wandered for many years and went through a lot of hardships, finally acquiring a considerable fortune and completing the entrepreneurial journey of a typical hero of his time.
In the face of life's difficulties, Robinson's actions show the resolute character and heroic nature of a hard man, embodying the creative and pioneering spirit of the rising bourgeoisie. Therefore, once the novel was published, it was warmly welcomed by people. Now, in the West, "Robinson" has become a synonym for adventurer and a hero in the hearts of millions of readers.
The reason why "Robinson Crusoe" has become an immortal masterpiece in the history of literature also lies in its authenticity and extraordinary artistic expression. Before it, most of the European long novels were mainly about the performance of emperors and kings or the romantic legends of knightly beauties. Defoe began to experiment with the everyday language to depict the lives of ordinary people. Although the novel is a fictional story, the description of Robinson's life on the desert island is realistic and natural, showing the author's extraordinary imagination and artistic expression. In addition, the novel is narrated in the first person throughout, and the plot is entirely linked through the characters' confessions, and the language is clear, simple and vivid, which adds a lot of charm to the work.
In addition, the author Defoe also conveys his own values and attitude to life through Robinson's mouth. Towards the end of Robinson's stay on the desert island, he once again "reviewed" the year: "Restlessness in the place God and nature have arranged for themselves" is the greatest "disease" of mankind. It is the greatest "disease" of mankind, and it is the cause of most of his sufferings. His own lesson is a warning to all those who suffer from this disease: he was dissatisfied with the status quo and left home, committing "original sin"; later, he was unable to satisfy "moderate desires" while running a plantation in Brazil, which led to his death; otherwise, to this day, he would have Otherwise, he would have had a fortune of 100,000 gold coins. He repented of his sins to God in typical Robinsonian language of reckoning. In this language, the greatest punishment for greed is to lose more than you gain. Thus, while sincerely denying the initial restlessness and risk-taking, he affirms the cause of wealth itself that caused that mindset and initiative. Unlike Robinson, who was unable to defend himself with morality and responsibility before the shipwreck, the psychological activity of the reformed "moderate" individualist is positively expressed and affirmed by the author.
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