乡土中国

SOIL THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHINESE SOCIETY "Soil The Foundation of Chinese Society" is an analysis of China's social structure, in which rural and soil run through the book directly to the core of China's traditional small-scale peasant economy, the grass-roots level of Chinese society is defined as rural. The author, Mr. Fei Xiaotong, is one of the founders of sociology and anthropology in China. His representative works include "Academic Narration and Reflection," "Record of Knowledge from Reality" and so on. "Soil The Foundation of Chinese Society" is made by Mr. Fei rooted in the land where people are born and raised, and comprehensively shows the face of the grassroots society. The beginning of the Soil The Foundation of Chinese Society for us to point out that can summarize the book's three key words: "grassroots," "society" and "local," we often use "rustic" to describe the countrymen but forget that our nation and soil are inseparable. The simple customs and traditional rules of etiquette make mutual trust a natural part of rural society and bind a small community together. With the development of society and all kinds of culture, the text into the countryside has been resisted by the local society, because the text is redundant in the communication of the local society, and the culture is passed from mouth to mouth because of the parent child relationship. Therefore, in the next part: "The Word Goes to the Countryside" in Mr. Fei not only explains why the local society does not need words, but also describes it in detail. Mr. Fei believes that if the words go to the countryside, the basic social structure of the local society must be changed first. Differential pattern" Is a very important sociological point of view put forward by Mr. Fei, he believes that social relations in rural society are connected by private relationship. Looking at the differences between East and West, it is found that in the Eastern social rules, private affairs are more important than public affairs and the judgment of morality is based on the expansion of private relations; In Western societies, the group framework forms the constitution that binds everyone equally through the law. However, the local society is the "rule by ceremony" society, "rule by ceremony" is a normative force different from today's "rule by law," the local society emphasizes education and morality; Modern cities and western societies establish a legal order to protect individual rights and social security with emphasis on the clear quantification of individual rights; The rule of law is contrary to the concept of the relationship between people in rural society, so it can not effectively establish the rule of law order. At the same time, in judging right and wrong, there is a great difference between rule by ceremony and rule of law. But whether it is the rule of etiquette or the rule of law society can not be separated from the "power," here Mr. Fei mentioned inaction politics (layers of power transmission) The "groups" mentioned here are not the same as the West or modern,the power of the squeeze makes the ability of the more people are exploited. But what Fei wants to say is that as society changes, this kind of "elder rule" has broken through the "seniority order," and people who can adapt to social laws and output value orientation can also be called "elders" no matter how young they are. In the analysis of the power of rural society, "stop the pace of progress is the beginning of aging," this is what I think this part of Mr. Fei wants to let the readers know. Mr. Fei extends to the whole rural society through personal community relations, and then compares the differences between the Eastern and Western social views, which I think is also to express the view that scientific and technological progress has caused social changes. Throughout the history of thousands of years of Chinese culture, local culture from generation to generation, the younger generation to listen to the guidance of the elder to solve problems; However, the culture for 100 years has a strong impact on the previous culture, and the advice of the ancestors can not solve the problems of today, and there is no educational significance so there is a "generation gap." Nevertheless, the local culture has survived for five thousand years, proving that its state and ability to maintain its own stability is very strong, which is my view of this book. In reading this book, I think we can first understand the postscript written by Mr.Fei, from the understanding of his various perspectives on society, we can reduce a lot of confusion when reading. In general, "Rural Society" is a very suitable book for young people to understand the social structure of the past to the present. From understanding to understanding the formation of rural society, it can also give us some suggestions on adapting to the times and dealing with social relations.